Essay Types:
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Opinion: Remember as EOD |
Opinion/Discussion |
Situation |
Discussion |
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To what extent do your agree or disagree? |
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. |
What are the problems? What solutions can you suggest? |
what are benefits and drawbacks? |
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Is this a positive or negative development? |
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? |
Which factors contribute to this? Is it realistic to expect these factors? |
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages. |
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Introduction: Rephrase the question. Tell the reader your opinion and plan.
Body para2: Support your opinion with argument and examples. para3: Support your opinion further with another argument and examples.
Conclusion: Summarize key points and restate your opinion |
Introduction: Rephrase the question. Tell the reader your opinion and plan.
Body para2: Discuss the side you disagree with. para3: Discuss the side you agree with, making it clear that you agree
Conclusion: Summarize key points and restate your opinion. |
Introduction: Rephrase the question. Tell the reader your plan.
Body: Para 2: One problem and solution / factor and cause etc. para 3: Another problem and solution / factor causes etc.
Conclusion: Summarize key points and state who should solve problems/consider solutions. |
Introduction: Rephrase the
question, Tell reader your plan |
Plan:
Identify the question type
Underline the keyword
Plan body para - plan each sentence and their purpose by using below formula.
Time
plan - 5
intro - 5
p1 - 10
p2 -1 0
con - 5
check - 5
Word count
Intro - 40
para 1 - 90
para 2 - 90
conclusion - 30
Introduction:
General statement sentence
There is no doubt that / it is clear that …(and add what both sides will agree with)
Nowadays,… / These days, … (+Present simple cont)
In recent years, .. / Over the last few years, … (+Present perfect) | start with this if the question has "increasing trend" or the words which refers change | DISCUSSION
It is important to consider .. (+question word eg. how/whether /why)
It is often stated that …
Paraphrase the question sentence
While some people believe … others argue that …
There are many people who think …
While there are many benefits to …, there are also some drawbacks to consider.
There is a view that (Some people say that)
Opinion and plan sentence
I completely agree/disagree with this statement …
I tend to agree/disagree with the former/latter argument …
… and in this essay I will support my views with examples
In this essay, I will discuss both sides of the argument/topic…
In this essay, I will explore/discuss some of the problems associated with … and propose/suggest some solutions.
P R O B L E M / S O L U T I O N
Body: (Max 5 sentence and 10min)
For problem and solution essay write solution:
For problem and solution use same formula twice (problem then solution), 3 sentence about problem and 2 for solu
Formula 1:
- Topic Sentence (Idea)
- Support/explain
- Example
- Alternative
- Solution
- Result
D I S C U S S I O N
Body paragraph for discussion essay not giving any opinion
In discussion essay, if you look close they ask about one side. You only mention other side in the Alternative. And even that will be the exact opposite of main idea. First para is for advantage and second para is for disadvantage.
1st Para
- Topic Sentence (refer begin an opinion table, opinion table)
- Support (Give reason table)
- Example ()
- Alternative (In contrast,) (Opposite of first idea)
- Extra Support (Make another point)
2nd Para
- Topic (Switch argument - Nevertheless) (We will be speaking about disadvantage) - does present some problems
- Example - For instance
- Support - Considering
- E2 - Another significant disadvantage
- Support (Unlike <unimportant part in question>),
Discussion Introduction:
There seems to be an *increasing trend* towards *assessing students through exams* *rather than* through *continual assessment*. What are the advantages and disadvantages of *exams as a form of assessment*?
In recent years, the approach of using exams to assess students has risen in popularity over the alternative of continual assessment. This essay will highlight both the benefits and drawbacks that result from such an approach.
D I S C U S S I O N / O P I N I O N
For discussion opinion, start with disadvantage
For discussion and opinion essay, begin with the side you disagree with
- Topic
- support 1
- example
- support 2
- example
- Topic
- support
- support 2
- example 2
- Result
Tips:
Para 4-5 sentence long
Keep paragraph based on one central topic (advantage or disadvantage)
Conclusion
For discussion opinion essay and opinion essay
- Summarize key point
- Give your opinion
For problem and solution essay (Situation essay)
- Summarize key point
- State who the responsibility lies with
Keywords:
In conclusion, To sum up, Having looked at both sides, -> Used in conclusion for introducing a conclusion
Although, while/whereas, Despite -> Contrast sentence and also introduce complexity. Linking devices
In my opinion, personally, in my view -> Very clear for expressing opinion on opinion essays
Cohesive Devices:
It is not necessary to have cohesive device in the middle. Most of the time it starts with cohesive device and links previous sentence.
- This is because
- As a result
- Furthermore
- To illustrate
- As a consequence of
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Begin an opinion |
Describe result |
Give Reason |
Give Example |
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Firstly,.. |
As a result, … |
This is because … |
For example, … |
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One advantage/idea/problem is … |
As a consequence, … |
The reason for this is … |
To illustrate, … |
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The most significant advantage/problem is |
Therefore, … |
This happens because … |
For instance, … |
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First and foremost |
The result of this is … |
This is an advantage/disadvantage/problem because… |
To illustrate this point … |
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To begin with |
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That said (in body para 2) |
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Clarify a point |
Link ideas |
Switch argument |
Make another point |
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In other words |
While |
on the other hand … |
Furthermore, … |
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This is to say, … |
Although |
However, … |
In addition … |
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To clarify, … |
Despite |
Turning to the other side of the argument, … |
What's more, … |
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In short, … |
Whereas |
Nevertheless, … |
Moreover, … |
Finding Ideas: Read newspaper newsinlevels, guardian, times, independent
Developing Ideas: Ask question. Why? Support, What kind? example, What if? alternative situation
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Opinion essays |
Discussion/opinion essays |
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To begin with, … |
Those who believe education should be free argue that … (This uses language that is clear that it is not personal opinion, 1st para disagreeing) |
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Furthermore, .. |
However, I would argue that tuition should be self-funded as …(This uses language which is personal opinion, 2nd para agreeing) |
Qualifying your opinion - It means language that we use to partly agree/disagree. Below phrases qualifies
… it depends on / it is dependent on …
… make an exception for / an exception should be made for …
… (only) to an extent / (only) up to a point …
… (only) in some cases …
… should take into account / should be taken into account …
Conclusion:
Discussion/Opinion:
Cover the alternate viewpoint and its arguments, as well as your own
Template: In conclusion, although … as … , I believe … because …
Example: In conclusion, although building accommodation is important as it combats homelessness, I believe we should invest more in green spaces because doing so provides a better quality of life for citizens.
Opinion essay:
Summarize your viewpoint and supporting arguments, and make sure your opinion is as clear as possible
Template: In conclusion, due to … and …, I believe that …
Example: In conclusion, due to the importance of individual cultures (main idea in 1st para) and the danger of war (main idea in 2nd para), I believe that under no circumstances should minority languages be allowed to perish.
Strong opinion language:
I wholeheartedly believe …
I am strongly for/against …
Under no circumstances should … / On no account should …
I am a vehement/ardent/staunch supporter of …
There are no viable/credible alternatives …
It can hardly be denied that …
Stop Over Generalizations:
Soften statement with below words
Modal Verbs -> May, might, could, can
Frequency language -> often, tend to, usually, occasionally
Non-specific quantifiers -> Many, some, a number of, a lot of. Avoid MOST
Vocabulary:
Write topic related vocabulary. Example: Museums (curators) and Schools (teachers).
Limit general and vague vocabulary. Example: Staff
Collocations:
To sound naturally.
Word formation:
Use word formation rather than explaining
Success (Noun), successful (Adjective), successfully (Adverb), succeed (Verb).
3 type prefix, suffix and compound
Prefixes:
Unsuccessful
Underperform
Overestimate
Teenagers who do not agree -> Teenagers who disagree (Using prefix get more score)
Suffix:
successful (Adjective)
forgetful (Adjective)
Widen
Terrorism
One advantage of exercise is that it makes your body stronger --> One advantage of exercise is that it strengthens your body
Compounds
Noun -> air conditioning, blackboard
Adjective-> Full-fat, spine-chilling
verb -> baby-sit
adverb -> nevertheless, therby
Synonyms and Paraphrasing:
Tip1: Synonyms. Use thesaurus while practicing
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